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Malocclusion severity and smile features: Is there an association?
Hisham Mohammed1, Reginald Kumar1, Hamza Bennani2
1Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Summary
Individuals with malocclusion, or misaligned teeth, tend to smile less frequently and for shorter durations. This reduced smiling tendency may persist even after orthodontic treatment for malocclusion.
Area of Science:
- Dentistry
- Psychology
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Malocclusion, a condition of misaligned teeth, may impact social interactions and self-perception.
- Smiling is a key non-verbal communication cue influenced by various factors, including dental aesthetics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between malocclusion and smiling behavior in adolescents and young adults.
- To compare smile characteristics and frequency between individuals with and without malocclusion, and those who have undergone orthodontic treatment.
Main Methods:
- An observational study involving 72 participants (aged 16-25) categorized into malocclusion, retention (post-orthodontic treatment), and control groups based on the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI).
- Automated facial pattern recognition (Facial Action Coding System) analyzed smile frequency, duration, genuineness, intensity, and tooth show during an amusing video stimulus.
- Questionnaires collected demographic data, personality traits (Big Five), and self-perceived quality of life related to smile aesthetics.
Main Results:
- Participants with malocclusion and those who had undergone orthodontic treatment (retention group) exhibited significantly reduced smile frequency and duration compared to the control group.
- No significant differences were observed in smile genuineness, intensity, or extent of tooth show across the groups.
- The malocclusion group reported approximately 30% lower dental self-confidence compared to the other groups, although personality traits did not differ.
Conclusions:
- Severe malocclusion is associated with a reduced tendency to smile.
- The characteristics of the smile itself (genuineness, intensity) are not significantly altered by malocclusion.
- A diminished smiling propensity may persist even after successful orthodontic correction of malocclusion, highlighting potential long-term psychosocial impacts.
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