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Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
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Development of brain state dynamics involved in working memory.

Ying He1, Xinyuan Liang1, Menglu Chen1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|February 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children show less mature brain network dynamics during working memory tasks compared to adults. Their brain states are less active and transition slower, improving with age and linked to cognitive performance.

Keywords:
brain statesdevelopmentstructural connectivityworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • Human functional brain networks dynamically organize for cognitive flexibility.
  • The frontal-parietal network (FPN) and default mode network (DMN) are crucial for executive functions like working memory.
  • Developmental differences in FPN and DMN brain-state dynamics during working memory are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate developmental changes in brain-state dynamics of the FPN and DMN during working memory from childhood to adulthood.
  • To identify distinct brain states and their transitions within these networks.
  • To explore the relationship between these dynamics, age, working memory performance, and structural connectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Bayesian switching dynamical systems approach.
  • Analyzed functional brain network data from 69 school-age children and 51 adults during working memory tasks.
  • Identified five transient brain states characterized by dynamic FPN and DMN node configurations.

Main Results:

  • Children exhibited less frequent, high-demand FPN-dominant brain states compared to adults, with state occupancy increasing with age.
  • Children showed a preference for inactive brain states with low activity in both FPN and DMN.
  • Lower transition probability from low-to-high demand states in children correlated positively with working memory performance and was linked to stronger structural connectivity but weaker structure-function coupling between FPN and DMN.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic organization of FPN and DMN into transient brain states supports working memory.
  • Childhood brain network organization during working memory appears immature, characterized by less frequent high-demand states and slower transitions.
  • These developmental differences are constrained by structural connectivity and influence cognitive performance.