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Evaluating Cell Death Using Cell-Free Supernatant of Probiotics in Three-Dimensional Spheroid Cultures of Colorectal Cancer Cells
Published on: June 13, 2020
Association of microbiota with cancer treatment
1Division of Clinical Immuno-Oncology, Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Showa University, 6-11-11 Kitakarasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan. kyoshim1@med.showa-u.ac.jp.
Abstract:
The impact of immune checkpoint molecule inhibitors on cancer treatment is significant. At the same time, further improvement in their efficacy has become essential. For this reason, there has been increasing interest in investigating the state of the cancer microenvironment in which efficacy can be demonstrated. The gut microbiota plays an important role in the cancer microenvironment. Recent developments in the study of gut microbiota have been explosive, benefiting from technological innovations in next-generation sequencing. Gut microbiota are specific enough to identify an individual and change gently with age. Disruptions in the gut microbiota have been extensively studied in relation to a variety of diseases. In addition to monotherapy with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, combination therapy with chemotherapy and molecular target therapy, as well as combination therapy with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, is now widely used in cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, the development of biomarkers that can predict anti-tumor and adverse events is urgently required due to the complexity of the treatment, and research on gut microbiota is expected in this respect.
Insights
Investigating the gut microbiota is crucial for improving cancer treatments with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Understanding these microbial communities may help predict treatment effectiveness and side effects.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly impacted cancer treatment, but further efficacy improvements are needed.
- The tumor microenvironment, influenced by gut microbiota, plays a critical role in ICI response.
- Advances in next-generation sequencing have revolutionized the study of gut microbiota.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the role of gut microbiota in the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies.
- To highlight the need for biomarkers predicting anti-tumor responses and adverse events related to ICIs.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent advancements in gut microbiota research.
- Analysis of the interplay between gut microbiota and the tumor microenvironment.
- Examination of current and emerging combination therapies involving ICIs.
Main Results:
- Gut microbiota composition is highly individual and changes with age.
- Disruptions in gut microbiota are linked to various diseases.
- Gut microbiota are increasingly recognized for their potential as predictive biomarkers for ICI therapy.
Conclusions:
- Gut microbiota research holds significant promise for optimizing cancer treatment strategies.
- Developing biomarkers based on gut microbiota is essential for personalized ICI therapy.
- Further investigation into gut microbiota is expected to enhance the effectiveness and safety of cancer immunotherapies.
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