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Glycation promotes pulp calcification in Type 2 diabetes rat model.

Aoi Takashima1, Jiro Miura1, Keita Sugiyama1

  • 1Division for Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.

Oral Diseases
|February 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Diabetes accelerates dental pulp calcification by increasing advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and inflammation. Mechanical forces from occlusion exacerbate this process, leading to pulp stones in diabetic individuals.

Keywords:
advanced glycation endproductsblood flowdiabetesglycationhypoxiapulp calcification

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Dental Research
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Intrapulpal calcifications are observed in diabetic patients.
  • The role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in dental pulp calcification is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between ectopic calcifications in dental pulp and AGEs in obese type 2 diabetic rats (SDT-fatty rats).
  • To elucidate the mechanism of pulp stone formation in the dental pulp of diabetic individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electron microscopy and immunohistochemical analysis to study pathologic calcification in SDT-fatty rat dental pulp.
  • Performed mechanical analysis of the periapical region of molar teeth under occlusal force.
  • Conducted in silico simulation to analyze strain distribution.

Main Results:

  • Pathogenic pulpal calcifications and granular calcification were observed in SDT-fatty rats correlating with elevated blood glucose.
  • Strong expression of Pentosidine (an AGE) and its receptor, along with inflammatory markers (S100A8, TNF-α, IL-6), were found in the dental pulp.
  • Blood flow disorder, pulp cell hypoxia, and concentrated strain on the root apex under occlusal force were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Glycation contributes to blood vessel fragility, while occlusal forces cause mechanical damage.
  • These combined factors—glycation-induced vascular fragility and mechanical stress—are key contributors to intrapulpal calcification in diabetes.