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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2025

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Mandibular Ramus: An Indicator for Gender Determination.

Pradnya Harish Karmarkar1, Amit Mhapuskar1, Darshan R Prasad Hiremutt1

  • 1Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Pune, IND.

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|February 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Digital orthopantomographs (OPGs) reveal significant sexual dimorphism in the mandibular ramus, aiding gender determination. Measurements of the ramus and gonial angle on OPGs can assist forensic odontology and anthropology.

Keywords:
digital opgforensic odontologygender determinationgonial anglemandibular ramusorthopantomographsexual dimorphism

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Odontology
  • Anthropology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Sexual dimorphism in craniofacial structures is well-documented.
  • Digital orthopantomographs (OPGs) offer a non-invasive method for skeletal analysis.
  • The mandibular ramus's role in gender determination requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the mandibular ramus's utility in gender determination using digital OPGs.
  • To identify specific mandibular ramus measurements that exhibit sexual dimorphism.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 600 anonymized digital OPGs from adults aged 21-50.
  • Measurement of seven parameters on the mandibular ramus: ramus width (min/max), condylar height (min/max), ramus and coronoid height, gonial angle, and bigonial width.
  • Statistical analysis using stepwise discriminant functional analysis for gender prediction.

Main Results:

  • Males exhibited larger linear measurements of the mandibular ramus compared to females.
  • Females showed a greater average gonial angle than males.
  • All measured parameters demonstrated statistically insignificant age-related variations.

Conclusions:

  • The mandibular ramus displays significant sexual dimorphism.
  • Analysis of mandibular ramus morphology on OPGs is a valuable tool for gender determination.
  • Findings support the application of OPG analysis in forensic odontology and anthropology.