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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...

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A Teleoperated Robotic System-Assisted Percutaneous Transiliac-Transsacral Screw Fixation Technique

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Alignment options and robotics in total knee arthroplasty.

Justin O Aflatooni¹, Austin E Wininger¹, Kwan J Park¹

¹Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.

Frontiers in Surgery

|February 27, 2023

Summary

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) alignment techniques, including mechanical, kinematic, and functional, lack evidence of superiority. Robotic assistance may improve accuracy in TKA surgery, potentially clarifying optimal alignment strategies.

Keywords:

alignment functional kinematic mechanical robotics total knee arthoplasty

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common procedure with ongoing debate regarding optimal component alignment.
Traditional neutral mechanical alignment is being challenged by kinematic and functional alignment philosophies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current alignment philosophies in total knee arthroplasty.
To discuss the role of robotic surgical techniques in TKA alignment.
To highlight the lack of evidence supporting one alignment method over others.

Main Methods:

Literature review of alignment philosophies in total knee arthroplasty.
Discussion of kinematic, functional, and mechanical alignment techniques.
Exploration of robotic-assisted surgery in TKA.

Main Results:

No definitive evidence currently demonstrates the superiority of mechanical, kinematic, or functional alignment in TKA.
Robotic surgical techniques are increasingly utilized to enhance precision in implant positioning and alignment.
The choice of alignment philosophy is a critical factor in robotic-assisted TKA.

Conclusions:

The optimal alignment philosophy for total knee arthroplasty remains undetermined.
Robotic assistance offers potential for improved accuracy and may help elucidate the best alignment techniques.
Further research is needed to compare the long-term outcomes of different TKA alignment strategies.