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Overt vs covert problem solving, transfer effects, and programming sequence: I: Inverted triangles.

L S Tsai1

  • 1California State University, Fullerton.

Perceptual and Motor Skills
|August 1, 1987
PubMed
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This study on cognitive problem-solving found that task difficulty and manipulation method impact efficiency. Learning transfer increases with problem complexity, and progressing from easier to harder tasks is more economical.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Problem-Solving

Background:

  • Understanding cognitive processes involved in problem-solving is crucial.
  • Investigating factors influencing task efficiency and learning transfer provides insights into human cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the impact of problem difficulty on task completion.
  • To compare the efficiency of overt versus covert manipulation strategies.
  • To examine the effect of problem sequencing on learning and performance.

Main Methods:

  • 129 college students performed tasks involving rearranging coins to invert triangles of increasing complexity (A, B, C).
  • Manipulation methods (overt vs. covert) and problem order (easy-to-hard vs. hard-to-easy) were varied.
  • Performance was measured by time to solve and observed efficiency.

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Main Results:

  • Problem difficulty significantly affected solution time, with Triangle A being easiest and C hardest.
  • Overt manipulation proved more efficient than covert methods.
  • Positive transfer was observed, increasing with preceding problem difficulty.
  • An easy-to-difficult problem sequence was more time-economical than the reverse.

Conclusions:

  • Task difficulty and manipulation method are key determinants of problem-solving efficiency.
  • Learning transfer is enhanced by prior exposure to simpler problems.
  • Optimizing problem-solving strategies involves sequencing tasks from simple to complex.