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Invasion by an ecosystem engineer changes biotic interactions between native and non-native taxa.

Anna J Holmquist1, Seira A Adams1, Rosemary G Gillespie1

  • 1Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management University of California: Berkeley Berkeley California USA.

Ecology and Evolution
|February 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Invasive kāhili ginger alters native Hawaiian ecosystems, causing spiders to consume more diverse, non-native prey and encounter novel parasites. This habitat modification threatens ecosystem stability by changing community interactions.

Keywords:
Hedychium gardnerianumPagiopalusbiotic interactionsmetabarcodingspecies invasion

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Invasive Species Research

Background:

  • Earth's systems approach global tipping points, increasing biological community instability.
  • Invasive species, particularly ecosystem engineers, are key drivers of this instability.
  • Understanding native species' responses to habitat modification is crucial for ecosystem stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of habitat modification by invasive kāhili ginger on native Hawaiian spider communities.
  • To compare biotic interactions, including diet and parasitism, in native forest versus invaded sites.
  • To assess compositional shifts in native and non-native taxa due to ecosystem engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Dietary metabarcoding was employed to analyze the gut contents of native Hawaiian spiders (Araneae: *Pagiopalus* spp.).
  • Spider populations were sampled from both native forest and kāhili ginger-invaded habitats.
  • Biotic interactions were compared across metapopulations to identify changes in community structure.

Main Results:

  • Spiders in invaded habitats exhibited a less consistent and more diverse diet, including a higher proportion of non-native arthropods.
  • Non-native arthropods were rarely detected or entirely absent in the diets of spiders from native forests.
  • Invaded sites showed a significantly higher frequency and diversity of novel parasitic interactions, including non-native Hymenoptera and entomopathogenic fungi.

Conclusions:

  • Invasive kāhili ginger significantly alters community structure and biotic interactions in native Hawaiian ecosystems.
  • Habitat modification by invasive plants can destabilize ecosystems by changing predator diets and increasing novel parasite exposure.
  • The study underscores the cascading effects of invasive species on native food webs and overall ecosystem health.