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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
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High-Performance Thermoplastics from a Unique Bicyclic Lignin-Derived Diol.

Xianyuan Wu1, Mario De Bruyn2, Gregor Trimmel3

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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
|February 27, 2023
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Summary

Researchers developed fully bio-based polyesters from lignin and cellulose. These novel polymers offer high performance, recyclability, and a sustainable end-of-life option, converting recovered materials into jet fuel additives.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Sustainable Materials Science
  • Biorenewable Resources

Background:

  • Growing demand for high-performing, recyclable, and renewable alternatives to conventional polyesters.
  • Need for sustainable monomers derived from non-petroleum sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize fully bio-based polyesters using a lignin-derived diol and cellulose-derived diesters.
  • To investigate the impact of monomer isomerism on polymer properties.
  • To evaluate the recyclability and end-of-life potential of the synthesized polyesters.

Main Methods:

  • Polycondensation of 4,4'-methylenebiscyclohexanol (MBC) with dimethyl terephthalate (DMTA) or dimethyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate (DMFD).
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for structural characterization.
  • Thermal analysis (DSC, TGA) to determine glass transition, melting, and decomposition temperatures.
  • Methanolysis for polymer depolymerization and monomer recovery.
  • Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation for end-of-life application.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized fully bio-based polyesters with high glass transition temperatures (103-142 °C) and decomposition temperatures (261-365 °C).
  • Demonstrated efficient depolymerization via methanolysis, achieving up to 90% recovery yield of the MBC diol.
  • Showcased the conversion of recovered MBC into high-performance jet fuel additives.
  • Identified significant effects of MBC isomer purity on polymer properties like thermal behavior and solubility.

Conclusions:

  • Fully bio-based polyesters derived from lignin and cellulose offer promising material properties and recyclability.
  • The developed process allows for efficient monomer recovery and valorization into valuable products.
  • This research presents a viable pathway towards sustainable polymers and circular economy principles in the materials sector.