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Vigorous physical activity (PA) may improve executive function and processing speed in older adults. However, the benefits of PA on memory are less clear, and muscle strength may also play a role in cognitive health.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Physical activity (PA) is a potential strategy for delaying Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
  • Optimal PA intensity for cognitive health in aging populations is not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the duration and intensity of PA and cognitive domains (executive function, processing speed, memory) in older Americans.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 2,377 adults (aged 69.3±6.7 years) from the NHANES 2011-2014.
  • Utilized linear regressions with hierarchical blocks for variable adjustment and effect size (η2).

Main Results:

  • Participants engaging in 3-6 hours/week of vigorous-intensity PA or >1 hour/week of moderate-intensity PA showed significantly higher scores in executive function and processing speed compared to inactive individuals.
  • The positive impact of 1-3 hours/week of vigorous-intensity PA on delayed recall memory was not significant after adjustments.
  • No linear dose-response relationship was observed between cognitive scores and weekly moderate-intensity PA.
  • Higher handgrip strength and late-life body mass index were associated with better performance across all cognitive domains.

Conclusions:

  • Habitual physical activity is associated with better cognitive health in some domains among older adults.
  • Increased muscle strength and higher late-life adiposity may also contribute to cognitive performance.