Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bond Polarity, Dipole Moment, and Percent Ionic Character02:48

Bond Polarity, Dipole Moment, and Percent Ionic Character

29.1K
Bond Polarity
29.1K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

41.9K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
41.9K
Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

Ions and Ionic Charges

67.0K
In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
67.0K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

8.9K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
8.9K
Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

1.6K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
1.6K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

118.7K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
118.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Improved Stability in LiX-NbCl<sub>5</sub> (X = Cl, Br) Glass-Ceramic Electrolytes Through Anion Mixing for Solid-State Batteries.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Super-High Sodium-Ion Conductivity of Na<sub>2.9</sub>Sb<sub>0.9</sub>W<sub>0.1</sub>S<sub>4</sub> at Low Pressures by Systematic Pressure and Temperature Treatments.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

All-metal aromaticity of cyclo-Bi<sub>3</sub><sup>3-</sup> in diuranium and dithorium inverse-sandwich-type complexes.

Nature chemistry·2026
Same author

Bimetallic Bismuth-Based Nanoparticles From Pseudo-Tetrahedral Zintl Anions.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Smallest acyclic tricationic molecule containing a Bis(phosphine)-stabilized low-valent triantimony-based Unit.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Al(ii) transfer harnessing a well-defined cadmium precursor.

Chemical science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique
12:02

Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique

Published on: November 3, 2017

13.2K

Charge Makes a Difference: Molecular Ionic Bismuth Compounds.

Johanna Heine1, Benjamin Peerless2, Stefanie Dehnen2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|February 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Ionic bismuth compounds offer unique properties for sustainable synthesis and new materials. This review highlights their synthesis, analysis, and applications, unlocking their full potential.

Keywords:
AnionsBismuthCationsPolycationsZintl Anions

More Related Videos

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
11:04

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides

Published on: September 7, 2019

9.3K
Solution-Processed "Silver-Bismuth-Iodine" Ternary Thin Films for Lead-Free Photovoltaic Absorbers
10:19

Solution-Processed "Silver-Bismuth-Iodine" Ternary Thin Films for Lead-Free Photovoltaic Absorbers

Published on: September 27, 2018

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique
12:02

Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique

Published on: November 3, 2017

13.2K
Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
11:04

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides

Published on: September 7, 2019

9.3K
Solution-Processed "Silver-Bismuth-Iodine" Ternary Thin Films for Lead-Free Photovoltaic Absorbers
10:19

Solution-Processed "Silver-Bismuth-Iodine" Ternary Thin Films for Lead-Free Photovoltaic Absorbers

Published on: September 27, 2018

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Modern synthetic chemistry faces challenges in developing reliable, selective, and sustainable methods for new materials.
  • Molecular bismuth compounds possess unique properties like diverse oxidation states, rich coordination chemistry, and low toxicity, yet remain underexplored.
  • Charged bismuth compounds are crucial for optimizing these properties and enabling novel applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review essential contributions to the synthesis, analysis, and utilization of ionic bismuth compounds.
  • To highlight the potential of charged bismuth species in advancing synthetic chemistry and materials science.
  • To underscore the importance of exploring bismuth's unique characteristics for future innovations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on ionic bismuth compounds.
  • Analysis of synthetic strategies for bismuth compounds.
  • Examination of characterization techniques and application studies.

Main Results:

  • Ionic bismuth compounds exhibit tunable properties due to accessible oxidation states and formal charges.
  • Specific synthetic routes and analytical methods have been developed for charged bismuth species.
  • Applications in catalysis, materials science, and other fields are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • Ionic bismuth compounds represent a promising, yet underexploited, class of materials.
  • Further research into their synthesis and properties can drive innovation in sustainable chemistry and materials development.
  • Bismuth's unique electronic and coordination characteristics offer significant opportunities for scientific advancement.