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Understanding the relationship between orofacial structures and feeding habits of preschoolers: A multivariate

Kelly Guedes Oliveira de Scudine1, Kizzy Nascimento de Moraes2, Sania Aparecida Miyagui1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.

Journal of Texture Studies
|February 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Early childhood feeding habits and orofacial function are linked. Poor oral function in preschoolers correlates with specific dietary patterns and prolonged pacifier use, impacting oral development.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Nutrition Science
  • Orofacial Myology

Background:

  • Understanding the interplay between orofacial structures and feeding habits is crucial for health professionals and food scientists.
  • The study investigates if this relationship is established in early childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the association between stomatognathic system form/function and dietary intake in preschoolers.
  • To identify distinct clusters based on orofacial myofunctional performance and feeding habits.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 91 healthy preschoolers (3.4-6.2 years).
  • Comprehensive evaluation of stomatognathic system: diet, morphology, gustatory sensitivity, muscle forces, and orofacial functions (mastication, swallowing, breathing).
  • Statistical analyses included Principal Component Analysis and K-means clustering.

Main Results:

  • Two clusters emerged: 'Low orofacial myofunctional functioning' (n=51) and 'High orofacial myofunctional functioning' (n=40).
  • The 'Low functioning' cluster exhibited poorer oral functions, higher sweet taste thresholds, and reported consumption of sweets/cookies, with longer pacifier/bottle use.
  • The 'High functioning' cluster showed better oral function, higher gustatory sensitivity, greater jaw dimensions, and shorter pacifier/bottle use. Open bite and current pacifier use differed between clusters.

Conclusions:

  • An association between the form and function of the stomatognathic system and dietary intake is evident in children with primary dentition.
  • Early identification of poor orofacial function may inform dietary interventions and habits like pacifier use.

Keywords:
eatingmasticationpreschool childstomatognathic system

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