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Related Concept Videos

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
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Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
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Related Experiment Video

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JAK inhibitors ∼ overview∼.

Hideto Kameda1

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.

Immunological Medicine
|February 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors offer new treatments for inflammatory and blood disorders. Their safety depends on patient factors and dosage, not just selectivity, highlighting the need to compare different disease uses.

Keywords:
CytokineJanus kinaseTyk2selectivity

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Janus kinases (JAK) are crucial for cytokine receptor signaling, impacting immune responses and hematopoiesis.
  • JAK inhibitors have emerged as significant therapeutic agents for immune-mediated inflammatory and hematological disorders.
  • Nine JAK inhibitors have been approved in Japan over the past decade, reflecting rapid therapeutic advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the therapeutic landscape of JAK inhibitors.
  • To emphasize the importance of comparing JAK inhibitor efficacy and safety across diverse disease indications.
  • To guide the appropriate clinical use of JAK inhibitors based on patient populations and dosing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of JAK inhibitors and their clinical applications.
  • Analysis of approved JAK inhibitors in Japan.
  • Discussion of safety profiles in relation to patient populations and dosing strategies.

Main Results:

  • JAK inhibitors represent a significant therapeutic advancement for various diseases.
  • Safety and efficacy appear influenced by patient-specific factors and drug dosage more than JAK selectivity.
  • Comparative analysis across different disease indications is essential for optimal treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the nuances of JAK inhibitor use in different diseases is critical.
  • Tailoring treatment based on patient profiles and dosage is key to maximizing therapeutic benefits and minimizing risks.
  • Further comparative studies are needed to refine clinical application of JAK inhibitors.