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Detection of Geothermal Anomalies in Hydrothermal Systems Using ASTER Data: The Caldeiras da Ribeira Grande Case
Jéssica Uchôa1,2, Fátima Viveiros1,3, Rafaela Tiengo1,2,4
1Research Institute for Volcanology and Risks Assessment (IVAR), University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 28, 2023
Summary
Detecting subtle volcanic thermal changes requires high-resolution imagery. Near-infrared signals from satellite data revealed anomalies faster than thermal signals, highlighting the importance of spatial resolution for monitoring hydrothermal systems.
Area of Science:
- Volcanology
- Geothermal Monitoring
- Remote Sensing
Background:
- Azores volcanic activity includes seismic events and secondary manifestations.
- Remote sensing monitors volcanic deformation, lava flows, and gas emissions.
- Detecting low-magnitude thermal changes in volcanic systems using satellite imagery remains challenging.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the effectiveness of different satellite sensor resolutions in detecting thermal anomalies.
- To analyze the response time of near-infrared and thermal signals in identifying volcanic changes.
- To emphasize the importance of high spatial resolution for monitoring hydrothermal systems.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) sensor data.
- Analyzed near-infrared (15 m spatial resolution) and thermal (90 m spatial resolution) signals.
- Compared the detection time of thermal anomalies after a geothermal exploration well was drilled.
Main Results:
- Changes in near-infrared signals were observed six months after a new thermal area emerged.
- Thermal signals only showed changes one and a half years after the anomaly was recognized.
- Wavelength and spatial resolution significantly influence the detection time of volcanic system changes.
Conclusions:
- High spatial resolution is crucial for timely detection of thermal anomalies in volcanic areas.
- Near-infrared spectral bands offer a faster response for monitoring subtle thermal changes compared to thermal bands.
- Effective monitoring of hydrothermal systems in the Azores requires integrated use of thermal imaging and high-resolution satellite data.
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