Advancing C-V2X for Level 5 Autonomous Driving from the Perspective of 3GPP Standards

Area of Science:

• Vehicular Communications
• Telecommunications Engineering
• Intelligent Transportation Systems

Background:

• Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) is a key technology for autonomous driving and intelligent transportation systems.
• The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is actively developing 4G and 5G standards for C-V2X, enhancing reliability and throughput.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a comprehensive vision of 3GPP-enabled C-V2X by analyzing relevant standard documents.
• To provide readers with a foundational understanding of C-V2X concepts and its standardization evolution.
• To categorize and analyze 3GPP C-V2X standards based on 4G, 4G & 5G, and 5G services.

Main Methods:

• Exhaustive study and analysis of 3GPP standard documents related to V2X communication.
• Logical taxonomy of C-V2X standards categorized into 4G, 4G & 5G, and 5G based services.
• Detailed discussion of system architecture, network support, key issues, and potential solutions within 3GPP standards.

Main Results:

• A structured overview of 3GPP C-V2X standardization, from 4G to 5G.
• Analysis of system architecture, network support, and challenges for different C-V2X service categories.
• Identification of gaps and the necessity of intelligence for Level-5 autonomous driving use-cases.

Conclusions:

• The paper provides a thorough understanding of 3GPP technological standards for advanced autonomous driving and ITS services.
• It highlights the evolution and current state of C-V2X standards, paving the way for future advancements.
• The study emphasizes the need for intelligent operations to fully realize the potential of C-V2X in autonomous driving.