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An Old Acquaintance: Could Adenoviruses Be Our Next Pandemic Threat?

Gustavo Saint-Pierre Contreras1,2, Daniel Conei Valencia3, Luis Lizama1

  • 1Programa de Virología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile.

Viruses
|February 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Human adenoviruses (HAdV) cause significant respiratory illness, especially in children. This review explores HAdV variability and pandemic potential, advocating for recombinant adenovirus vaccines for future public health control.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Public Health
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are significant pathogens causing acute respiratory diseases in pediatric and immunocompromised populations.
  • Over 110 HAdV types exist, exhibiting diverse cellular tropisms and potential for severe, even lethal, conditions in at-risk groups.
  • HAdV are stable, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses resistant to environmental factors and detergents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the genetic variability of HAdV.
  • To assess the pandemic potential of HAdV, particularly recombinant strains like HAdV3 and 7.
  • To propose sanitary control measures informed by social determinants of health for future pandemic prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HAdV characteristics, diagnosis, and outbreaks.
  • Analysis of HAdV variability and recombinant potential.
  • Evaluation of social determinants of health impacting HAdV spread and severity.

Main Results:

  • HAdV infections range from asymptomatic to severe, life-threatening conditions.
  • Recombinant HAdV strains, such as HAdV3 and 7, have demonstrated aggressive outbreak potential in healthcare settings.
  • Current diagnostic methods include lateral flow immunochromatography and PCR.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding HAdV variability is crucial for predicting and managing outbreaks.
  • Recombinant adenovirus vaccines show promise for controlling HAdV and preventing future pandemics.
  • Integrating social determinants of health into sanitary control strategies is essential for effective public health preparedness.
Keywords:
adenovirus vaccinegenotypehuman adenovirusinfectionsmolecular diagnostic testingsocial determinants of health

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