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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Altered microRNA Transcriptome in Cultured Human Airway Cells upon Infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Idrissa Diallo1, Rajesh Abraham Jacob2,3, Elodie Vion1

  • 1CHU de Québec Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.

Viruses
|February 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that SARS-CoV-2 infection alters microRNA (miRNA) profiles in lung cells, impacting host gene regulation and viral entry pathways. Researchers identified specific miRNAs modulated by the virus, including a direct interaction with ACE2 mRNA.

Keywords:
ACE2Calu-3RNA-SeqSARS-CoV-2miR-1246miRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Proteomic and transcriptomic studies on SARS-CoV-2 primarily focus on mRNA and proteins.
  • The role of microRNAs (miRNAs), crucial post-transcriptional regulators, in SARS-CoV-2 infection remains underexplored.
  • miRNAs regulate approximately 60% of human gene activity, suggesting a significant impact on viral pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the miRNA profile of lung epithelial cells following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To identify specific differentially expressed miRNAs and their targeted pathways.
  • To elucidate the role of miRNAs in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and host-virus interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Infection of lung epithelial cells with SARS-CoV-2.
  • Analysis of miRNA expression profiles at 24 and 72 hours post-infection.
  • RT-qPCR to validate miRNA targets and dual-luciferase assay to confirm direct miRNA-mRNA interaction.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection did not drastically alter the overall miRNome; approximately 90% of miRNAs remained non-differentially expressed.
  • Key upregulated miRNAs included miR-1246, miR-1290, and miR-4728-5p.
  • Downregulated miRNAs at 24h and 72h included miR-196b-5p, miR-196a-5p, miR-3924, miR-30e-5p, and miR-145-3p.
  • Differentially expressed miRNAs targeted pathways such as MAPK, RAS, PI3K-Akt, and renin secretion.
  • SARS-CoV-2 potentially regulates host mRNAs involved in viral entry (ACE2, TMPRSS2), RAS, innate immunity, and cellular processes.
  • A direct interaction between miR-1246 and ACE2 mRNA was confirmed.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection modulates specific host cell miRNAs.
  • These miRNA changes play a role in regulating host genes involved in viral entry, immune response, and cellular pathways.
  • miRNAs, particularly miR-1246, are implicated in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 by interacting with key viral entry factors like ACE2.