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HIV and COVID-19 Co-Infection: Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Treatment

Dimitris Basoulis1, Elpida Mastrogianni2, Pantazis-Michail Voutsinas2

  • 1COVID-19 Department, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.

Viruses
|February 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

People with HIV (PWH) face increased COVID-19 risks due to immunosuppression and stigma. Research highlights clinical implications, treatment considerations, and shared public perception challenges between these epidemics.

Area of Science:

  • * Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • * Public Health
  • * Immunology

Background:

  • * The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant risks to vulnerable populations, including people with HIV (PWH).
  • * PWH are at higher risk due to underlying immunosuppression and HIV-related stigma.
  • * Understanding the intersection of HIV and COVID-19 is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the current literature on the clinical implications of co-occurring HIV and COVID-19 epidemics.
  • * To identify risk factors, clinical presentations, and treatment challenges for PWH during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • * To explore potential therapeutic and research synergies between HIV and COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • * Comprehensive literature review of studies examining COVID-19 in people with HIV.
  • * Analysis of clinical data, virological factors, and immunological responses.
  • * Examination of socio-economic impacts and public perception of both diseases.

Main Results:

  • * PWH share general COVID-19 risk factors (age, comorbidities) but also have unique risks tied to virological and immunological status.
  • * Clinical presentation of COVID-19 in PWH is similar to the general population, though opportunistic infections may co-exist or be mimicked.
  • * Drug interactions (ART with COVID-19 treatments) and risks of opportunistic infections (with immunosuppressants) require careful management.

Conclusions:

  • * PWH are a priority group for COVID-19 prevention and treatment, necessitating careful consideration of drug interactions and opportunistic infection risks.
  • * The COVID-19 pandemic offers opportunities for advancing HIV treatment research, particularly in monoclonal antibody and vaccine development.
  • * Addressing the stigma associated with both HIV and COVID-19 is essential for effective public health interventions.

Keywords:
COVID-19HIVclinical characteristicsepidemiologytreatment

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