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Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index is Associated with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Burden and Cognitive Impairment

Yining Xiao1,2,3, Zhenjie Teng1,2,3, Jing Xu2,3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
|February 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Elevated systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is linked to increased cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) burden and cognitive impairment. Severe CSVD burden may mediate the impact of SII on cognitive decline.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common cause of cognitive impairment.
  • The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) reflects systemic inflammation.
  • The relationship between SII, CSVD burden, and cognitive impairment requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the associations between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and total cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) burden.
  • To investigate the link between SII and cognitive impairment.
  • To determine if CSVD burden mediates the relationship between SII and cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 201 patients with complete clinical and laboratory data.
  • Calculation of SII using platelet count × neutrophil count/lymphocyte count.
  • Assessment of cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and CSVD burden via magnetic resonance imaging.
  • Logistic regression, Spearman correlation, and mediation analysis were employed.

Main Results:

  • Elevated SII was significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment (OR, 3.263; P=0.001) after adjusting for confounders.
  • SII levels showed a negative association with MMSE scores (rs = -0.391, P < 0.001) and a positive association with total CSVD burden score (rs = 0.361, P < 0.001).
  • Severe CSVD burden was also significantly associated with cognitive impairment (OR, 2.794; P=0.006) and SII was related to CSVD severity (OR, 2.674; P=0.004).
  • The highest tertile of SII was associated with significantly higher odds of cognitive impairment (OR, 8.947) and severe CSVD burden (OR, 4.945).

Conclusions:

  • Elevated SII is independently associated with severe CSVD burden and cognitive impairment.
  • Severe CSVD burden acts as a mediator, suggesting SII may contribute to cognitive impairment by exacerbating CSVD.
  • These findings highlight the potential role of systemic inflammation in the pathogenesis of CSVD and cognitive decline.
Abstract

Keywords:
cerebral small vessel diseasecognitive impairmentinflammationsystemic immune-inflammation indextotal burden

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