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ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3/EIN3-LIKE1 modulate FLOWERING LOCUS C expression via histone demethylase interaction
Mengting Xu1, Xiaoxiao Li1, Wei Xie1
1Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Plant Physiology
|February 28, 2023
Summary
Ethylene signaling factors ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 (EIN3) and EIN3 LIKE 1 (EIL1) regulate flowering time in Arabidopsis by interacting with FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD) to repress FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) expression.
Area of Science:
- Plant biology
- Molecular genetics
- Epigenetics
Background:
- Flowering time is crucial for plant reproduction, regulated by internal and external signals.
- ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 (EIN3) and EIN3 LIKE 1 (EIL1) are key ethylene pathway components, but their role in floral transition is not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the mechanism by which EIN3 and EIL1 regulate flowering time in response to ethylene signaling.
- To investigate the interaction between ethylene signaling and epigenetic regulation in controlling the floral transition.
Main Methods:
- Yeast two-hybrid assays to confirm physical association between EIN3/EIL1 and FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD).
- Quantitative PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to analyze gene expression and histone modifications at FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) loci.
- Analysis of Arabidopsis mutants (ein3 eil1) and treatments with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid.
Main Results:
- EIN3 and EIL1 physically interact with FLD, a histone demethylase involved in floral transition.
- Loss of EIN3/EIL1 leads to increased FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) expression and late flowering, dependent on FLC.
- EIN3/EIL1 directly bind to FLC loci, recruiting FLD to remove H3K4me2 marks, thereby repressing FLC transcription.
Conclusions:
- EIN3 and EIL1 mediate floral repression through an FLC-dependent pathway, linking ethylene signaling to epigenetic regulation.
- Phytohormone signals are transduced into chromatin modifications to control flowering time, with EIN3/EIL1 acting as crucial integrators.
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