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The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Published on: September 20, 2024

Beware the recurrent 'benign' multinodular goitre.

Alexander J Papachristos^1,2, Mohamed Eftal Bin Mohamed Ebrahim¹, Talia L Fuchs^2,3

¹Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

ANZ Journal of Surgery

|February 28, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Follicular thyroid carcinoma can be challenging to diagnose, sometimes presenting as recurrent disease despite initial benign pathology. This highlights the need for vigilance in diagnosing this rare, locally aggressive cancer.

Keywords:

follicular adenoma follicular carcinoma multinodular goitre recurrent goitre thyroid

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Surgical Pathology
Oncology

Background:

Distinguishing follicular carcinoma from follicular adenoma is histologically challenging, relying on invasion markers.
Pathological diagnosis of malignancy can be difficult, even retrospectively.

Observation:

Three cases are presented where initial diagnoses of benign follicular lesions evolved into locally recurrent and malignant disease.
These cases demonstrate a rare follicular thyroid carcinoma phenotype with local recurrence and metastasis despite benign initial pathology.

Findings:

Follicular thyroid carcinoma may exhibit local recurrence and metastasis even with persistently benign pathological findings.
Recurrence in specific anatomical planes or the thyroid bed post-thyroidectomy warrants consideration of this rare presentation.

Implications:

Clinicians should consider rare follicular thyroid carcinoma presentations in cases of local recurrence after treatment for presumed benign thyroid conditions.
Enhanced vigilance in pathological review and clinical follow-up is crucial for managing these challenging cases.