Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.3K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
12.3K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.4K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.4K
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

7.9K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
7.9K
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

4.7K
Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
4.7K
Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation02:47

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation

18.6K
Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
18.6K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

10.6K
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
10.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

PET imaging of atherosclerotic plaques using the stabilin-2-targeted tracer <sup>18</sup>F-S2P in preclinical models.

European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging·2026
Same author

Free water-mediated associations among choroid plexus enlargement, white matter lesions, and cognitive performance in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same author

Fe/Zn Bimetallic-Functionalized Biochar Cathodes for Enhanced Electro-Fenton Performance: Mechanism and Characterization.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same author

Development and validation of a modified QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS method for multi-class pesticide residue analysis in soils from pesticide production sites.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
Same author

Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of PFOS-Contaminated Soil Enhanced by Additives: Thermodynamic Insights, Transformation Products, and Remediation Implications.

Toxics·2026
Same author

Preclinical evaluation of the newly developed carina platform in robotic-assisted proctectomy with porcine and cadaveric models.

Scientific reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
12:08

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Published on: June 24, 2022

3.6K

Creating and Stabilizing an Oxidized Pd Surface under Reductive Conditions for Photocatalytic Hydrogenation of

Wei Qiao1,2, Xing Fan3, Weifeng Liu4

  • 1Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel photocatalytic method for converting aromatic carbonyls into O-free aromatics. A palladium oxide (PdO) cocatalyst on graphitic carbon nitride enables efficient acetalization and hydrogenation under mild conditions.

More Related Videos

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
10:00

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Published on: March 10, 2023

2.5K
Photodeposition of Pd onto Colloidal Au Nanorods by Surface Plasmon Excitation
06:58

Photodeposition of Pd onto Colloidal Au Nanorods by Surface Plasmon Excitation

Published on: August 15, 2019

7.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
12:08

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Published on: June 24, 2022

3.6K
Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
10:00

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Published on: March 10, 2023

2.5K
Photodeposition of Pd onto Colloidal Au Nanorods by Surface Plasmon Excitation
06:58

Photodeposition of Pd onto Colloidal Au Nanorods by Surface Plasmon Excitation

Published on: August 15, 2019

7.5K

Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Photocatalysis offers an environmentally friendly alternative for aromatic carbonyl hydrogenation.
  • Conventional methods require high pressure and temperature, and often result in incomplete deoxygenation.
  • Aromatic carbonyls are challenging substrates for complete deoxygenation under ambient conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient and selective photocatalytic route for the production of O-free aromatics from aromatic carbonyls.
  • To investigate a novel hydrogenation pathway involving acetalization and subsequent hydrogenation.
  • To enhance the performance and stability of photocatalysts for this transformation.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a palladium oxide (PdO) cocatalyst supported on graphitic carbon nitride.
  • Photocatalytic hydrogenation of aromatic carbonyls using visible light irradiation (410 nm).
  • Optimization of reaction conditions, including the addition of trace HCl for stability.

Main Results:

  • The PdO surface facilitated a step-wise acetalization and hydrogenation pathway, leading to efficient deoxygenation.
  • Photocatalytic hydrogenation of benzaldehyde to toluene achieved >90% selectivity.
  • A quantum efficiency of approximately 10.2% was observed.
  • The catalyst demonstrated long-term stability and activity in the presence of trace HCl.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PdO/graphitic carbon nitride system provides an effective strategy for the selective synthesis of O-free aromatics via photocatalysis.
  • The unique surface chemistry of PdO promotes the desired acetalization-hydrogenation pathway.
  • This approach offers a promising, sustainable alternative to traditional refining processes for producing O-free aromatics.