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Association of Area Deprivation Index With Severity of COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients: A Multisite Study of Racially

Sebastian Acosta1, Srinivasan Suresh2, Anna K Ettinger3

  • 1From the Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Cardiology and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|February 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) is linked to severe COVID-19 in children. Higher ADI, non-Hispanic Asian ethnicity, and extreme weight increase the risk of severe illness.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Social determinants of health
  • Epidemiology of COVID-19 in children

Background:

  • The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) is a measure of socioeconomic status and environmental disadvantage.
  • Previous studies have linked ADI to severe COVID-19 outcomes in adults.
  • The association between ADI and severe COVID-19 in pediatric populations remains unestablished.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and the risk of severe COVID-19 in children.
  • To identify demographic and clinical factors associated with severe COVID-19 in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of data from 3434 children diagnosed with COVID-19.
  • Inclusion of information on ADI, demographics, clinical features, disease severity, and patient outcomes.
  • Application of multivariate logistic regression to determine significant associations.

Main Results:

  • Higher ADI was significantly associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 in children.
  • Non-Hispanic Asian ethnicity and extremes of weight (both underweight and overweight/obesity) were also associated with severe disease.
  • The findings highlight the role of socioeconomic factors and demographic characteristics in pediatric COVID-19 severity.

Conclusions:

  • The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) is a relevant factor in assessing severe COVID-19 risk among children.
  • Public health strategies should consider socioeconomic disparities when addressing pediatric COVID-19.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the mechanisms underlying these associations.

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