7,8-Diacetoxy-3-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-4-phenylcoumarin Induces ROS-dependent Cell Death in the A549 Human Lung...

Coumarins comprise of a very large class of naturally occurring compounds with growing interest in their synthesis and possible applications in the treatment of various diseases. We herein report the in-vitro cytotoxic activity of 3,4-Diarylcoumarins (4a-i) in A549 (lung) and PC-3 (prostate) cancer cell lines.

The cytotoxic activity was evaluated using crystal violet dye-binding. The most active compound effect on the cell-cycle phases, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis were also evaluated.

Among the synthesized compounds that were evaluated, 7,8-Diacetoxy-3-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-4-phenylcoumrin (4f) showed highest cytotoxicity (CC₅₀=13.5%±0.15μM) in A549 cancer cell line. The mechanism of its cytotoxic action indicated significant cell arrest in G₁/G₀, S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induction of apoptotic cell death. The cell viability result of pretreated A549 cells with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), followed by compound 4f treatment confirmed ROS-dependent cell death.

The presence of 3-4-methylsulfonyl and 7,8-diacetoxy groups on 3,4-Diarylcoumarin is critical in modulating higher cytotoxic activity and could serve as a valuable template for the development of novel synthetic compounds as potential anticancer agents for lung cancer treatment.