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Viral vectors and extracellular vesicles: innate delivery systems utilized in CRISPR/Cas-mediated cancer therapy

Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi1, Maral Soleymani2, Fahimeh Shahriyary1

  • 1Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Cancer Gene Therapy
|March 1, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Gene editing with CRISPR/Cas9 offers cancer therapy potential but faces delivery challenges. This review examines viral vectors and extracellular vesicles (EVs) as promising delivery systems for CRISPR/Cas9 cancer treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Gene editing technologies, particularly CRISPR/Cas9, hold promise for treating genetic diseases like cancer by correcting faulty genes.
  • Efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 systems to target cells remains a critical challenge for clinical translation.
  • Viral vectors and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural delivery systems being explored for in vivo and in vitro gene editing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare the advantages and limitations of viral vectors and extracellular vesicles (EVs) for delivering the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system.
  • To assess the potential of these delivery systems for advancing CRISPR/Cas9-based cancer therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on viral vectors and extracellular vesicles (EVs) for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery.
  • Comparative analysis of the efficacy, safety, and compatibility of these systems in mammalian cells.

Main Results:

  • Both viral vectors and EVs demonstrate potential for delivering CRISPR/Cas9, but each has unique advantages and limitations.
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show promise due to their natural compatibility with human cells.
  • Viral vectors offer established delivery mechanisms but may present immunogenicity concerns.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing delivery methods is crucial for the clinical success of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in cancer therapy.
  • Further research into viral vectors and extracellular vesicles (EVs) is needed to overcome current delivery hurdles.
  • Both systems warrant continued investigation for their roles in advancing gene editing-based cancer treatments.

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