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Updated: Aug 8, 2025
Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus by Ribosomal Spacer PCR RS-PCR
Published on: November 4, 2016
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates derived from humans and animals in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Mulya Fitranda1, Siti Isrina Oktavia Salasia1, Osman Sianipar2
1Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Background And Aim:
The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as a highly pathogenic strain in veterinary and human medicine is a growing global problem. This study aimed to evaluate MRSA isolates of human and animal origin against various antibiotics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Materials And Methods:
The susceptibility test was carried out by the disk diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton agar against nine antibiotic disks. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains were genetically confirmed through mecA gene detection encoding for methicillin resistance by polymerase chain reaction.
Results:
All 240 S. aureus strains isolated from animals and humans were resistant to penicillin G (P) (100% and 99%, respectively), followed by ampicillin (AMP), amoxicillin (AML), oxacillin (OX), erythromycin (E), clindamycin (DA), tetracycline (TE), gentamicin (GEN), and ciprofloxacin (CIP). Eighty-three MRSA strains were resistant to OX (100%), P (100%), AMP (99.27%), AML (95.52%), E (87.77%), TE (71.33%), DA (63.24%), GEN (38.81%), and CIP (26.87%).
Conclusion:
The antimicrobial resistance pattern of S. aureus human isolates was similar to their animal counterpart, with 77.20% of MRSA strains classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. These findings indicate an increase in MDR S. aureus strains of animal origin in Yogyakarta, thus raising public health concerns about MRSA zoonotic spread.
Insights
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a growing problem. In Yogyakarta, Indonesia, MRSA strains from animals and humans show high resistance to common antibiotics, indicating a public health concern for zoonotic spread.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Veterinary Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a significant threat in both human and veterinary medicine globally.
- The increasing prevalence of MRSA necessitates understanding its resistance patterns in different regions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of MRSA isolates from human and animal sources in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
- To identify the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) MRSA strains.
Main Methods:
- Disk diffusion method used for antibiotic susceptibility testing against nine antibiotics.
- Genetic confirmation of MRSA strains via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the mec A gene.
Main Results:
- All 240 Staphylococcus aureus strains exhibited resistance to penicillin G.
- Eighty-three MRSA strains showed high resistance to oxacillin, penicillin G, ampicillin, and amoxicillin.
- 77.20% of MRSA strains were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR).
Conclusions:
- Antimicrobial resistance patterns in human and animal MRSA isolates were similar.
- An increase in MDR Staphylococcus aureus strains of animal origin in Yogyakarta raises public health concerns.
- Potential for MRSA zoonotic spread requires further investigation and surveillance.
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