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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
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Creative thinking encompasses innovative and unconventional methods for addressing challenges, often leading to groundbreaking solutions. Instead of focusing solely on enhancing existing systems, such as increasing smartphone battery capacity, creative thinking might inspire advancements like energy-efficient batteries or processors that minimize power consumption. This multidimensional approach underscores the importance of exploring novel pathways to innovation.
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Rational transformative decision-making.

Daniel Villiger1

  • 1Institute of Philosophy, Zollikerstrasse 117, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland.

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|March 1, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rational decision-making for transformative experiences is possible. By considering past outcomes and current testimony, individuals can infer positive subjective value for desired transformative choices, enabling rational selection.

Keywords:
DesireNon-subjective valueSubjective valueTestimonyTransformative experiences

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Area of Science:

  • Decision Theory
  • Epistemology
  • Philosophy of Mind

Background:

  • Transformative experiences present a challenge for traditional decision theory due to inaccessibility of subjective value.
  • Some scholars argue that non-subjective values suffice for rational decision-making in such cases.
  • This conflicts with arguments that subjective value can outweigh non-subjective value.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconcile decision theory with the subjective nature of transformative experiences.
  • To propose a framework for rational decision-making when subjective values are initially unknown.
  • To address L. A. Paul's challenge regarding epistemic inaccessibility of subjective value.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a framework that incorporates both subjective and non-subjective values.
  • Applying principles of inference based on past experiences and external testimony.
  • Developing a decision rule for transformative choices under uncertainty.

Main Results:

  • A method is presented to control for the potential 'swamping' effect of subjective value.
  • Rational inference of positive subjective valence for desired transformative outcomes is demonstrated.
  • A condition for rational choice is established: non-subjective value must be at least as high as other options' total value.

Conclusions:

  • Rational decision-making regarding transformative experiences is achievable.
  • Integrating testimony and past experience allows for informed choices about uncertain outcomes.
  • The proposed approach provides a viable strategy for navigating decisions with potentially high subjective value.