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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
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Heart Rate Variability in Adults With Substance Use Disorder: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.

Seol Ju Esther Moon1, Elizabeth A Schlenk2, Heeyoung Lee3

  • 1Seol Ju Esther Moon, MSN, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association
|March 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heart rate variability (HRV) indicates autonomic function. Lower HRV in substance users correlates with relapse risk factors, suggesting HRV can monitor early relapse signs for timely intervention.

Keywords:
autonomic functionheart rate variabilitysubstance use disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Autonomic Nervous System Research
  • Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Research
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Heart rate variability (HRV) serves as a key indicator of autonomic nervous system abnormalities.
  • The specific role of HRV in substance use behaviors and its association with relapse indicators remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing literature on autonomic responses to substance use (opioids, cocaine, methamphetamine) as measured by HRV.
  • To explore the relationship between HRV outcomes and factors contributing to relapse risk.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was performed across PubMed, PsychINFO, and Ovid Medline databases.
  • Included full-text articles published between 2010 and 2020, focusing on human subjects using substances and HRV measurements.

Main Results:

  • Fourteen studies were reviewed, primarily involving outpatients with opioid misuse or SUD.
  • Significantly decreased resting HRV was observed in substance users compared to controls.
  • Lower resting HRV was linked to increased stress, craving, and symptom severity in individuals with SUD.

Conclusions:

  • HRV indices may reflect homeostatic imbalance and reduced self-regulation flexibility.
  • Monitoring HRV could provide early relapse indications, enabling prompt relapse prevention.
  • Future research should investigate HRV in larger populations to refine relapse prevention strategies for substance use.