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Related Experiment Video

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Embodying Time in the Brain: A Multi-Dimensional Neuroimaging Meta-Analysis of 95 Duration Processing Studies.

Narges Naghibi1, Nadia Jahangiri2, Reza Khosrowabadi1

  • 1Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

Neuropsychology Review
|March 1, 2023
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Summary

Understanding time perception remains challenging. This study reveals that the brain

Keywords:
Activation likelihood estimationCoordinate-based meta-analysisDuration ProcessingEmbodimentTime perceptionTiming

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The neural basis of time perception is complex and not fully understood.
  • Decades of research have yet to yield a unified theory of temporal cognition.
  • Time experience is deeply intertwined with sensory, motor, and internal bodily states.

Approach:

  • Conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis of 95 neuroimaging studies on duration processing.
  • Utilized the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) technique to identify convergent activation patterns.
  • Categorized studies into 14 classes of temporal features across six dimensions.

Key Points:

  • The pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and bilateral insula were consistently activated across timing tasks.
  • These findings support an embodied theory of time perception, linking abstract duration to sensorimotor and interoceptive experiences.
  • Distinct patterns emerged for auditory sequential stimuli (activating dorsal striatum, SMA-proper) versus visual single-interval stimuli (activating right middle frontal, inferior parietal cortices).

Conclusions:

  • Temporal cognition is intrinsically linked to everyday experiences and sensorimotor systems.
  • Timing specific stimulus characteristics reactivates associated sensorimotor networks.
  • This suggests that our experience of time is grounded in the physical and internal world.