Blood Coagulation Normalization Effect of Parkia Biglobosa Seed on Potassium Bromate-induced Coagulopathy

Potassium bromate (KBrO3) has been reported to be toxic, adversely affecting many body tissues and organs. The aim of this study was to determine the blood coagulation effect of Parkia biglobosa (P. biglobosa) seed on potassium bromate induced coagulopathy.

P. biglobosa was extracted with soxhlet extractor with ethanol as the solvent. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were acclimatized under laboratory conditions and were randomly grouped into A, B, C and D. Group A was given distilled water orally. Animals in groups B, C and D were administered 100 mg/kg body weight of potassium bromate, but groups C and D were also treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of P. biglobosa respectively. Both potassium bromate and P. biglobosa were freshly prepared on daily basis and administered to rats by oral gavage for 28 days. At the end of the treatment period, blood samples were collected in sodium citrate bottles and were used for analysis of Prothrombin Time (PT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), Thrombin Time (TT), fibrinogen and vitamin K levels using standard methods.

Administration of potassium bromate increased Prothrombin Time (PT) from 11.67±2.15 seconds (in control animals) to 19.53±2.83 seconds. Treatment with 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of P. biglobosa seed extract neutralized this effect in a dose-dependent manner. Likewise, KBrO 3 was observed to have significantly elevated Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) from 29.67±3.93 to 41.10±4.79 seconds and Thrombin Time (TT) from 15.36±2.06 to 25.43±2.83 seconds when compared with those in the control group. The result further showed that exposure of animals to KBrO3 significantly declined the levels of fibrinogen (from 4.05±0.72 to 2.59±0.30 g/dL) and vitamin K (from 3.18±0.73 to 1.84±0.18 ng/mL) when compared with the untreated animals. The effect of KBrO 3 on PT, APTT, TT, Fibrinogen and vitamin k were attenuated by P. biglobosa in a dose-dependent manner.

The results of this investigation demonstrated that potassium bromate caused prolongation of PT, aPTT and TT and decreased levels of fibrinogen and vitamin K, but P. biglobosa treatment counteracted these effects. Thus, it is recommended that these results be investigated in clinical trials in human volunteers.