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Updated: Aug 8, 2025

PLGA Nanoparticles Formed by Single- or Double-emulsion with Vitamin E-TPGS
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PEGylated and functionalized polylactide-based nanocapsules: An overview.

Maria Alice de Oliveira1, Raquel Silva Araújo1, Vanessa Carla Furtado Mosqueira1

  • 1Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology (LDGNano), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|March 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Polymeric nanocapsules, particularly those based on polylactic acid (PLA), offer versatile drug delivery solutions. This review highlights their evolution, applications in diagnostics and therapeutics, and challenges for clinical translation.

Keywords:
ConjugationNanocapsulesPEG-PLAPolyesterPolylactic acidTargetingTheranostic

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Polymeric nanocapsules (NC) are lipid-core, polymer-shell nanocarriers with a four-decade history in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
  • Biodegradable polyesters like polylactic acid (PLA) and its copolymers (e.g., PLGA) are favored for nanocapsule preparation due to safety and versatility.
  • PLA functionalization enables tailored polymers for bioactive ligand conjugation, leading to cell-targeted nanocapsules.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes historical developments and recent literature on PLA-based nanocapsules.
  • It covers PLA-based polymer synthesis, surface modifications, and applications in combined treatment, diagnostics, and imaging.
  • The review analyzes the use of nanocapsules for delivering therapeutic and imaging agents for diseases like cancer, inflammation, and infections.

Key Points:

  • PLA-based nanocapsules are evolving into sophisticated delivery systems for theranostics.
  • Functionalization and surface modification are key to enhancing targeting and therapeutic efficacy.
  • Applications span diverse fields, including oncology, inflammatory diseases, and infectious diseases.

Conclusions:

  • PLA-based nanocapsules represent a significant advancement in nanomedicine, offering potential for integrated diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • Overcoming translational challenges is crucial for the successful clinical implementation of these advanced nanostructures.
  • Continued research into synthesis, functionalization, and clinical validation will drive the future of PLA-based nanocapsules.