Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Steps in Outbreak Investigation01:18

Steps in Outbreak Investigation

160
In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
160
History of Microbiology01:28

History of Microbiology

519
Microbiology, a scientific field dedicated to the study of microorganisms, has undergone profound development since its inception in the 17th century. Its history is marked by key discoveries and technological advancements that have shaped our understanding of life at the microscopic level and transformed medicine, agriculture, and industry.Early Foundations of MicrobiologyThe early foundations of microbiology were built on groundbreaking observations and the development of pioneering...
519
Causality in Epidemiology01:21

Causality in Epidemiology

576
Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...
576
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

23.7K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.7K
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

32.7K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.7K
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

31.4K
Overview
31.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

<i>Letter:</i> The Italian Conquest of K2: Health-Related Aspects from the Newly Published Documents of Deputy Expedition Leader Ugo Angelino.

High altitude medicine & biology·2025
Same author

An interoperable web-based platform to support health surveillance against latent tuberculosis infection in health care workers and students: The evolution of CROSSWORD study protocol.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Health comes first: the Italian situation.

QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians·2025
Same author

Risk of Infection and Duration of Protection after the Booster Dose of the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine BNT162b2 among Healthcare Workers in a Large Teaching Hospital in Italy: Results of an Observational Study.

Vaccines·2023
Same author

Effect of Lockdowns on Hospital Staff in a COVID Center: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Vaccines·2022
Same author

Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine in the Vaccination Campaign among the Health Workers of Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS.

International journal of environmental research and public health·2021
Same journal

A 20-year-old woman with a 9-year history of shortness of breath.

Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine·2026
Same journal

A 70-year-old man with lower-extremity weakness and falls.

Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine·2026
Same journal

Treatment-refractory hypothyroidism: Don't just increase the dose.

Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine·2026
Same journal

In Reply: Beyond histologic improvement in MASH.

Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine·2026
Same journal

Comfort care: Creating a plan for hospitalized patients and their families.

Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine·2026
Same journal

Localized dead bone, a potential hint to an underlying condition.

Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression
10:48

Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression

Published on: May 15, 2014

11.5K

Smallpox and monkeypox: Looking back and looking ahead.

Paolo Sossai1, Domenico Staiti2, Massimiliano Cannas3

  • 1Director, Department of Medicine, European Center of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Cailungo, Republic of San Marino paolo.sossai@unicam.it.

Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
|March 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The 2022 global mpox epidemic, related to smallpox, raises concerns due to waning smallpox immunity. New vaccines and antivirals offer hope, but guidance on their use is needed for effective public health management.

More Related Videos

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1
12:00

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

Published on: April 8, 2009

10.4K
Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2
10:55

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2

Published on: April 10, 2009

8.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression
10:48

Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression

Published on: May 15, 2014

11.5K
Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1
12:00

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

Published on: April 8, 2009

10.4K
Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2
10:55

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2

Published on: April 10, 2009

8.1K

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The 2022 mpox (monkeypox) epidemic was declared a global health emergency.
  • Mpox virus is related to the variola virus (smallpox) but is less lethal.
  • The discontinuation of universal smallpox vaccinations since the 1980s is a global concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the public health concerns surrounding the mpox epidemic.
  • To review the availability and application of newer therapies and vaccines for mpox and smallpox.
  • To highlight the need for clear guidelines on mpox prevention and resource management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mpox and smallpox epidemiology.
  • Analysis of current therapeutic and vaccine availability.
  • Assessment of public health strategies for infectious disease management.

Main Results:

  • Two antiviral drugs are available for mpox under specific conditions.
  • Two vaccines have been developed for mpox prevention.
  • Clarity is needed on the optimal use of these vaccines and antiviral therapies.

Conclusions:

  • The mpox epidemic necessitates a review of public health strategies.
  • Effective management requires clear guidelines for the use of new vaccines and therapies.
  • Prioritization of resources is crucial for controlling the spread of mpox.