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Updated: Aug 8, 2025
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Electrophysiological Motor Unit Number Estimation MUNE Measuring Compound Muscle Action Potential CMAP in Mouse Hindlimb Muscles
Published on: September 25, 2015
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Motor point heatmap of the calf
Elias Schriwer1, Robin Juthberg1, Johanna Flodin1
1Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation
|March 1, 2023
Summary
Finding muscle motor points (MPs) in the calf using a heatmap improves neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) comfort and effectiveness. This study maps calf MPs to optimize NMES electrode placement for better patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Anatomy and Physiology
- Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES)
- Rehabilitation Medicine
Background:
- Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) offers benefits like preventing venous thromboembolism and aiding rehabilitation.
- Current NMES compliance is limited by suboptimal stimulation points causing discomfort and reduced efficacy.
- Identifying muscle motor points (MPs) can enhance NMES comfort and patient compliance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To create an anatomical map of calf muscle motor points (MPs).
- To determine the probability of locating MPs in various calf regions.
- To improve the precision and effectiveness of NMES applications.
Main Methods:
- Anatomical landmarks were defined on 30 healthy participants.
- Muscle motor points (MPs) were located using a specialized search pen and NMES.
- Calf anatomy was normalized into a grid to calculate MP probability.
- Data was analyzed to present MP locations with confidence intervals.
Main Results:
- A heatmap revealed higher MP concentrations proximally and centrally on the calf.
- Significant inter-individual variations in MP locations were observed.
- Areas 4 (centromedial) and 29 (centrolateral) showed the highest MP probability (50%).
- Proximal medial areas (9, 10, 16) also had high MP probability (47%).
- Lateral and distal calf regions demonstrated minimal MP presence.
Conclusions:
- The developed MP heatmap aids in efficient electrode placement for NMES.
- Improved electrode placement can enhance NMES treatment compliance and efficacy.
- This anatomical mapping contributes to more consistent and effective NMES therapy.
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