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Attentional control is influenced by past conflict experiences at specific locations, creating location-specific proportion compatibility (LSPC) effects. This study found that the path of gaze through distracting stimuli, not just location, determines the strength of these LSPC effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Perception

Background:

  • Attentional control is adaptively adjusted based on the history of conflict at different locations, leading to location-specific proportion compatibility (LSPC) effects.
  • Previous research suggested a 'horizontal precedence account,' where LSPC effects are stronger for left/right locations compared to above/below locations.
  • This horizontal advantage might be due to stimulus orientation and gaze path, rather than location itself.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the competing predictions of the 'horizontal precedence account' versus the 'gaze path account' for LSPC effects.
  • To investigate whether stimulus orientation and the required gaze path influence the magnitude of LSPC effects.
  • To determine the critical design feature responsible for amplifying LSPC effects.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Compared LSPC effects using vertically oriented flanker stimuli on the vertical axis against previous findings with horizontal stimuli.
  • Experiment 2: Employed flanker stimuli requiring traversal through distractors irrespective of stimulus axis (horizontal vs. vertical).
  • Measured LSPC effects under different stimulus orientations and gaze path conditions.

Main Results:

  • Experiment 1 showed larger LSPC effects for vertically oriented stimuli on the vertical axis and horizontally oriented stimuli on the horizontal axis, supporting the gaze path account.
  • Experiment 2 revealed equivalent LSPC effects between vertical and horizontal axes when stimuli necessitated traversing distractors on both.
  • These findings indicate that the interaction between stimulus orientation and gaze path, not location per se, modulates LSPC effects.

Conclusions:

  • The 'gaze path account' provides a better explanation for the observed LSPC effects than the 'horizontal precedence account'.
  • The critical factor for amplifying LSPC effects is the engagement of processing the distractor dimension through specific stimulus-axis combinations and gaze paths.
  • Future research should consider the interplay of stimulus properties and task demands when examining attentional control and conflict adaptation.