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Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty in OSA: a 15 year review
Edward B Pang1, Kenny P Pang2, Ryan C T Cheong3
1University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
Objective:
A 15 year review of the outcomes and success rates of the Expansion Sphincter Pharyngoplasty (ESP) in the treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Methods:
A systemic review with two independent searches of MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews to identify publications relevant to OSA and Expansion Pharyngoplasty. All relevant studies published before 31 December 2021 were included.
Results:
Sixteen studies were included in this strict systematic review with a total of 747 patients who had the ESP procedure were included. The mean age was 41.3 years, mean BMI 28.2, the mean pre-op AHI was 32.3 and post-op AHI was 10.0 (p < 0.05), the mean pre-op ESS was 11.4, had reduced to post-op 5.3 (p < 0.05), and the mean pre-op snore VAS decreased from 8.7 to 2.9 (p < 0.05), with a mean follow-up time of 9.5 months. The overall pooled success rate for all the 747 patients was 80.0%. There were no significant reported complications noted in these studies.
Conclusion:
After 15 years of presence, the expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty has shown to be reliably effective in the management of patients with OSA.
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