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Radial-mode sensitive probe beam in the rotational Doppler effect.

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    Radial modes significantly impact the rotational Doppler effect (RDE) detection, enabling enhanced sensitivity to complex rotating objects. This research clarifies their role and proposes new applications for RDE technology.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Wave Phenomena
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • The rotational Doppler effect (RDE) is crucial in various fields, but the role of radial modes in its detection remains unclear.
    • Current RDE observation primarily relies on orbital angular momentum, with radial mode influence being ambiguous.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the mechanism of interaction between probe beams and rotating objects concerning radial modes in RDE.
    • To theoretically and experimentally validate the critical role of radial Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes in RDE detection.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized complete Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes to analyze probe beam-object interactions.
    • Conducted theoretical analysis and experimental validation of radial LG mode influence on RDE.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated that radial LG modes are crucial for RDE observation due to topological spectroscopic orthogonality.
    • Showcased enhanced RDE detection sensitivity to complex radial structures by employing multiple radial LG modes.

    Conclusions:

    • Radial modes are essential for RDE detection, offering a new perspective on the phenomenon.
    • Proposed a method for estimating probe beam efficiency and highlighted potential advancements in RDE applications.