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Morphea: The 2023 update.

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Morphea, a localized scleroderma, involves skin inflammation and fibrosis. Current treatments like corticosteroids and methotrexate have limitations, prompting research into new therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Morphea, or localized scleroderma, is a chronic inflammatory connective tissue disease affecting skin and underlying tissues.
  • Its etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic, vascular, immune (T helper 1/T helper 2 imbalance), and environmental factors.
  • The condition can lead to permanent cosmetic and functional deficits, necessitating prompt diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of current knowledge on morphea.
  • To discuss epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and prognosis.
  • To explore recent pathogenetic findings and propose novel therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of morphea epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment.
  • Analysis of current therapeutic strategies, including corticosteroids and methotrexate.
  • Discussion of emerging research on disease mechanisms and potential drug targets.

Main Results:

  • Morphea presents variably in adults and children, characterized by inflammation and fibrosis.
  • Current treatments (corticosteroids, methotrexate) are limited by toxicity and efficacy, with frequent relapses.
  • Understanding of pathogenetic pathways is evolving, suggesting new avenues for treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Morphea requires careful assessment and timely treatment to prevent long-term damage.
  • Existing therapies have significant limitations, highlighting the need for alternative approaches.
  • Further research into morphea pathogenesis may yield novel therapeutic strategies.