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Human microbiomes in cancer development and therapy.

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Human microbiomes significantly influence cancer development and progression across various organs. This review explores their roles and potential therapeutic applications in oncology.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oncology
  • Human Microbiome Research

Background:

  • The human microbiome, comprising bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, plays a critical role in health and disease.
  • Emerging evidence links the microbiome to carcinogenesis and cancer progression.
  • Microbial composition and metabolic activities vary by organ, influencing distinct cancer mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the contribution of microbiomes to carcinogenesis and disease progression in various cancers.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which microbiomes and their metabolites affect cancer.
  • To discuss the application of microorganisms in cancer treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on the human microbiome and cancer.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying microbiome-induced carcinogenesis.
  • Examination of therapeutic strategies involving microbial agents.

Main Results:

  • Microbiomes contribute to cancer initiation, promotion, and progression in organs including skin, mouth, esophagus, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and blood/lymph malignancies.
  • Specific microbial species and their bioactive metabolites can trigger, promote, or inhibit carcinogenesis.
  • The mechanisms of microbiome involvement in cancer are diverse and organ-specific.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the complex interplay between microbiomes and cancer is crucial for developing novel therapeutic approaches.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the poorly understood mechanisms of microbiome function and their interactions with host systems.
  • Probiotics and prebiotics show promise for tumor inhibition, highlighting the therapeutic potential of microbial interventions.