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Leprosy (Hansen's disease): An Update and Review.
Andrea Gilmore1, James Roller1, Jonathan A Dyer2
1Department of Dermatology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine.
Leprosy, a rare disease in Missouri, may now be endemic due to the nine-banded armadillo. Healthcare providers should recognize Hansen's disease symptoms and refer suspected cases for prompt treatment.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Leprosy (Hansen's disease), caused by *Mycobacterium leprae*, is historically rare in Missouri.
- Previous cases in Missouri were acquired internationally, not locally.
- The nine-banded armadillo is a known zoonotic vector for *Mycobacterium leprae*.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report a suspected locally acquired case of leprosy in a Missouri native.
- To alert healthcare providers in Missouri about the potential for endemic leprosy.
- To emphasize the need for early diagnosis and treatment of Hansen's disease.
Main Methods:
- Case report of a native Missourian diagnosed with leprosy.
- Discussion of epidemiological factors, including the potential role of the nine-banded armadillo.
- Review of leprosy manifestations and diagnostic considerations.
Main Results:
- A case of leprosy was identified in a native resident of Missouri.
- This case suggests a possible local acquisition, diverging from historical patterns.
- The expanded range of the nine-banded armadillo may be contributing to local transmission.
Conclusions:
- Leprosy may no longer be exclusively an imported disease in Missouri.
- Healthcare providers must consider local transmission and the role of the nine-banded armadillo.
- Prompt referral and treatment are crucial for managing Hansen's disease effectively.
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