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Coronavirus disease 2019 infection and cerebrovascular diseases: an update on the pathophysiology and management

Brandon May1, David Z Wang

  • 1Neurology Department, Barrow Neurological Institute, 240W Thomas Road, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

Current Opinion in Neurology
|March 2, 2023
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 infection can cause stroke through various mechanisms, including cytokine storms and hypoxia. Early detection and treatment are crucial for managing this devastating neurological complication.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • COVID-19 pandemic presents significant neurological challenges, with stroke being a common and severe manifestation.
  • Understanding the link between COVID-19 and cerebrovascular disease is critical for patient outcomes.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current information on the mechanisms, diagnosis, and management of COVID-19-related stroke.
  • It examines the latest findings on thromboembolism and its association with COVID-19 infection.

Key Points:

  • COVID-19-associated stroke mechanisms include cytokine storm, hypoxia-induced ischemia, thrombotic microangiopathy, and endothelial damage.
  • The infection can directly trigger stroke or exacerbate existing conditions, leading to thromboembolism.
  • Current guidelines for antithrombotic therapy in COVID-19 stroke are lacking.

Conclusions:

  • Physicians must remain vigilant for stroke symptoms in COVID-19 patients.
  • Prompt diagnosis and early intervention are essential for managing COVID-19-related cerebrovascular events.
  • Further research is needed to establish clear treatment protocols for stroke prevention and management in this population.
Abstract

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