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Pulse rhythm01:30

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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
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Holter monitoring is a continuous electrocardiography (ECG) recording that tracks the heart's electrical activity over an extended period, generally 24 to 48 hours. This noninvasive diagnostic tool detects irregular heart rhythms that may not be captured during a standard ECG performed in a clinical setting.DeviceThe Holter monitor is a portable, small device connected to several electrodes on the patient's chest. These electrodes detect the heart's electrical signals and transmit them to the...
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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
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Direct Method
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Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Assessing the Accuracy of Fitness Smartwatch Data for Cardiovascular and Physical Activity Monitoring: A Validation Study in Digital Health
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Commercial Smart Watches and Heart Rate Monitors: A Concurrent Validity Analysis.

Samuel Montalvo1, Armando Martinez2, Sabrina Arias2

  • 1Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.

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Summary

Apple Watch Series 6 and 7 demonstrate good validity for tracking heart rate during rest and exercise. However, accuracy decreases at higher running speeds, suggesting caution for athletes during intense activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Wearable Technology

Background:

  • Wearable technology, including smartwatches, is increasingly used for health monitoring.
  • Accurate heart rate monitoring is crucial for training and performance assessment.
  • Concurrent validity of consumer-grade devices against clinical standards needs thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the concurrent validity of Apple Watch Series 6 and 7 against a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and a Polar H-10 monitor.
  • To determine the accuracy of these smartwatches across various exercise intensities and participant types.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-four collegiate football players and 20 recreationally active adults participated.
  • Participants underwent a treadmill protocol including rest, walking, jogging, running, and recovery.
  • Heart rate data from smartwatches were compared to ECG and Polar H-10 using intraclass correlation and Bland-Altman analysis.

Main Results:

  • Apple Watch Series 6 and 7 showed good concurrent validity with both criterion devices.
  • Accuracy decreased with increasing jogging and running speeds.
  • The Polar H-10 served as a reliable surrogate for clinical ECG in practical settings.

Conclusions:

  • Apple Watch Series 6 and 7 are valid for heart rate tracking at rest and moderate exercise intensities.
  • Strength and conditioning professionals can use these devices, but with caution during high-speed running.
  • The Polar H-10 is a viable field alternative to ECG for heart rate monitoring.