Short-term heat acclimation protocols for an aging population: Systematic review.

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Environmental Physiology
• Thermoregulation

Background:

• Elderly and sedentary individuals are highly susceptible to heat-related illnesses.
• Short-term heat acclimation (STHA) can mitigate physiological and psychological stress during heat exposure.
• Limited data exists on the feasibility and efficacy of STHA in older populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the feasibility and efficacy of STHA protocols for individuals aged 50 years and older.
• To assess the impact of STHA on physiological markers in the elderly population.

Main Methods:

• A systematic review of peer-reviewed articles was conducted using multiple academic databases.
• Search terms included variations of heat/thermo and adapt/acclimate combined with terms for older adults.
• Included studies used primary empirical data with participants aged 50+ and detailed acclimation protocols and outcomes.

Main Results:

• Twelve studies involving 179 participants (96 aged 50+) were included.
• All studies utilized cycle ergometry, with heat exposure via environmental chambers, hot water immersion, or a perfused suit.
• Reported outcomes included decreased core temperature, altered sweat rates, and reduced mean skin temperature, indicating STHA viability.

Conclusions:

• STHA appears feasible and effective in elderly individuals, potentially offering protection against heat stress.
• Current protocols often require specialized equipment and may not suit individuals unable to exercise.
• Passive methods like hot water immersion present a potentially pragmatic and affordable alternative requiring further investigation.