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Attenuated cognitive functioning decades after preeclampsia.

Robert-Jan Alers1, Chahinda Ghossein-Doha2, Lisanne P W Canjels3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
|March 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preeclampsia significantly increases the risk of cognitive decline, specifically executive function impairment, in mothers. These cognitive deficits persist for decades after pregnancy, highlighting long-term health implications.

Keywords:
cognitionexecutive functionlong-term effectmaternal healthobstetrical complicationpostpartumpreeclampsiaworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Preeclampsia is a serious hypertensive pregnancy disorder linked to maternal and fetal health risks.
  • Long-term cognitive deficits, particularly in executive function, are reported by women post-preeclampsia, but their duration is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term impact of preeclampsia on women's perceived cognitive functioning, specifically executive function, decades after pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional case-control study (Queen of Hearts) involving 1036 women with preeclampsia and 527 controls.
  • Cognitive function assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function for Adults.
  • Statistical analysis included moderated logistic and log-binomial regression to determine risks over time.

Main Results:

  • Women with a history of preeclampsia showed a significantly higher incidence of clinically relevant executive function impairment (23.2%) compared to controls (2.2%) immediately postpartum.
  • These cognitive differences diminished but remained statistically significant at least 19 years postpartum.
  • Lower educational attainment, mood/anxiety disorders, and obesity were risk factors for cognitive decline, irrespective of preeclampsia history.

Conclusions:

  • Preeclampsia is associated with a ninefold increased likelihood of executive function impairment compared to normotensive pregnancies.
  • While cognitive function may improve, elevated risks of impairment persist for decades after childbirth.