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Regulation of Stroke Volume

Regulation of Stroke Volume

The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients With a Digital Occupational Training System

Author Spotlight: Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients With a Digital Occupational Training System

Published on: December 29, 2023

Trunk training following stroke.

Liselot Thijs¹, Eline Voets², Stijn Denissen^3,4

¹Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

|March 2, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Trunk training after stroke significantly improves daily activities, trunk function, and balance. This rehabilitation approach enhances mobility and quality of life, with specific training methods showing varied effectiveness. Further research is needed to confirm findings.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Rehabilitation Medicine
Physical Therapy

Background:

Previous studies indicate post-stroke trunk training benefits trunk function.
However, its impact on daily activities, quality of life, and other outcomes remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of post-stroke trunk training.
Assessed outcomes include activities of daily living (ADL), trunk function, arm-hand function, standing balance, leg function, walking ability, and quality of life.
Comparisons were made against dose-matched and non-dose-matched control groups.

Main Methods:

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 68 randomized controlled trials involving 2585 stroke survivors.
Included studies compared trunk training with non-dose-matched or dose-matched control interventions.
Data were analyzed separately for non-dose-matched and dose-matched control groups.

Main Results:

Trunk training showed significant benefits in ADL, trunk function, standing balance, walking ability, and quality of life, particularly in the non-dose-matched analysis.
In dose-matched analyses, trunk training improved trunk function, standing balance, leg function, walking ability, and quality of life, but not ADL or arm-hand function.
Different trunk training approaches (core-stability, selective-trunk, unstable-trunk) demonstrated significant effects on various outcomes, with time post-stroke also influencing results.

Conclusions:

Trunk training is an effective rehabilitation strategy for improving ADL, trunk function, balance, mobility, and quality of life in stroke survivors.
Core-stability, selective-trunk, and unstable-trunk training are common approaches.
Evidence certainty varies from very low to moderate, underscoring the need for high-quality trials.