Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Natural and Artificial Concepts01:24

Natural and Artificial Concepts

230
In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: natural and artificial. Natural concepts are formed through direct or indirect experiences. For example, consider the concept of snow. If you live in a place with regular snowfall, such as Essex Junction, Vermont, you know snow through direct experiences. You’ve seen it fall, touched it, shoveled it, and played in it. You recognize its texture, appearance, and even its smell. In contrast, if you live on an island like Saint...
230
Stereotype Content Model02:16

Stereotype Content Model

14.8K
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
14.8K
Intelligence01:27

Intelligence

7.8K
The term "intelligence" is complex because it refers to both behavior and individuals, and its interpretation varies across cultures. European Americans tend to link intelligence with reasoning and cognitive skills, while in Kenya, it is tied to responsible participation in family and social life. In Uganda, intelligence is seen as the ability to know the right actions and carry them out effectively, while the Iatmul people of Papua New Guinea associate it with the capacity to remember...
7.8K
The Representativeness Heuristic02:13

The Representativeness Heuristic

15.9K
The representative heuristic describes a biased way of thinking, in which you unintentionally stereotype someone or something. For example, you may assume that your professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with your stereotypes of professors.
15.9K
Concepts and Prototypes01:24

Concepts and Prototypes

194
The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
The brain organizes this information using concepts, which are mental categories grouping linguistic data,...
194
Anatomical Terminology01:20

Anatomical Terminology

13.1K
Knowledge of anatomy is essential to understand human biology and medicine. Anatomists and health care professionals use standard terminology to describe the human body with more precision and no ambiguity. Anatomical terms have mostly Greek and Latin-derived roots. Because these languages are rarely used in conversation, the meaning of words remains the same. Each term is made up of a root in between the prefixes and suffixes. The root of a term often refers to an organ, tissue, or condition,...
13.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Grey- and white-matter resilience to tau, cognition and sex in Alzheimer's disease.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Redefining the norms: an interdisciplinary perspective on language testing in multilinguals with acquired and progressive neurogenic disorders.

Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
Same author

Gamer in the scanner: Event-related analysis of fMRI activity during retro videogame play guided by automated annotations of game content.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Early Trajectories of Resting-State EEG power in autistic children: a longitudinal study across language profiles.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same author

Fixation duration on natural scenes is explained by memory encoding not processing demand.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same author

Determinants of visual ambiguity resolution.

Communications psychology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2025

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential ERP Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder
08:17

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential ERP Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 12, 2018

10.6K

The Three Terms Task - an open benchmark to compare human and artificial semantic representations.

V Borghesani1,2, J Armoza3,4,5, M N Hebart6,7

  • 1Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3W 1W6, Canada. Valentina.Borghesani@unige.ch.

Scientific Data
|March 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new dataset for comparing human and artificial semantic knowledge using word association tasks. The benchmark aids in developing natural language processing (NLP) models for understanding human cognition.

More Related Videos

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness
03:14

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness

Published on: December 6, 2024

656
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

17.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 8, 2025

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential ERP Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder
08:17

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential ERP Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 12, 2018

10.6K
Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness
03:14

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness

Published on: December 6, 2024

656
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

17.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Understanding semantic representation is crucial for both human cognition and artificial intelligence (AI).
  • Existing benchmarks lack the complexity for direct comparison between human and AI semantic understanding.
  • Natural language processing (NLP) requires robust datasets to model human comprehension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a large-scale dataset for probing semantic knowledge through word association tasks.
  • To facilitate direct comparison between human semantic representations and NLP models.
  • To provide a benchmark for computational and neuroscientific research on semantics.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a three-term semantic associative task dataset with 10,107 abstract and concrete noun triplets.
  • Collected human behavioral similarity judgments from 1,322 raters for 2,255 triplets.
  • Focused on triplets with varying agreement levels among NLP word embeddings.

Main Results:

  • The dataset comprises 10,107 triplets, enabling semantic knowledge assessment.
  • Human judgments were collected for a subset of triplets, providing a ground truth for NLP model evaluation.
  • The data allows for the analysis of semantic associations across different word types.

Conclusions:

  • The presented dataset serves as a valuable, openly available benchmark for semantic knowledge research.
  • It supports the development and validation of NLP models in cognitive neuroscience and AI.
  • Facilitates computational modeling of human understanding and semantic representation.