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Predicting the efficacy of variant-modified COVID-19 vaccine boosters

Predicting the efficacy of variant-modified COVID-19 vaccine boosters

David S Khoury ¹, Steffen S Docken ¹, Kanta Subbarao ^2,3, Stephen J Kent ^3,4, Miles P Davenport ¹, Deborah Cromer ⁵

David S Khoury ¹, Steffen S Docken ¹, Kanta Subbarao ^2,3

¹Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
²WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
³Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁴Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁵Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. d.cromer@unsw.edu.au.

⁰Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Nature Medicine +

|

March 2, 2023

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Booster vaccines are needed for COVID-19 protection against waning immunity and new variants. Ancestral vaccines significantly boost protection, while variant-modified vaccines may offer additional benefits.

Area Of Science

Immunology
Vaccinology
Virology

Background

Waning immunity and novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants necessitate booster vaccinations for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention.
Assessing the comparative benefits of ancestral-based versus variant-modified vaccine boosters is crucial for optimizing immune responses.

Purpose Of The Study

To compare the immunogenicity of different COVID-19 booster vaccination regimens.
To predict the relative protection offered by various booster strategies against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Main Methods

Aggregated neutralization titer data from 14 diverse reports (published papers, preprints, press releases, advisory committee notes).
Comparative analysis of immune responses elicited by ancestral-based and variant-modified vaccine boosters.

Main Results

Boosting with ancestral vaccines significantly enhances protection against symptomatic and severe disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Variant-modified vaccines may confer additional protection, irrespective of precise variant matching.

Conclusions

Ancestral COVID-19 vaccine boosters provide substantial protection against current SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Variant-modified vaccines show potential for enhanced, albeit not always variant-specific, protection, informing future vaccine regimen choices.

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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Overview

Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material from pathogens to confer immunity against a specific microorganism. Vaccination primes the immune system to recognize and mount an immune response faster and more effectively if the real pathogen is encountered. Vaccinations are one of the most efficient ways to protect both individual humans and the general public from disease. A growing anti-vaccination skepticism risks the successes of vaccination programs that helped reduce...

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