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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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A leptin-responsive hypothalamic circuit inputs to the circadian feeding network.

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Researchers discovered that leptin receptor neurons in the brain

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Chronobiology
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • Biological clocks, crucial for survival, are influenced by cues like light and food.
  • While light's effect on the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is known, food entrainment mechanisms are unclear.

Approach:

  • Utilized single nucleus RNA sequencing during scheduled feeding.
  • Identified leptin receptor (LepR) neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH).
  • Investigated the role of DMHLepR neurons in circadian rhythm and food entrainment.

Key Points:

  • DMHLepR neurons upregulate circadian genes and show rhythmic activity before meals.
  • Disrupting DMHLepR neuron activity impaired food entrainment.
  • Activating these neurons induced a secondary activity bout, dependent on the SCN.

Conclusions:

  • DMHLepR neurons integrate metabolic and circadian systems.
  • A subset of these neurons project to the SCN, influencing the circadian clock phase.
  • This circuit facilitates anticipation of meal times.