Multifunctional bismuth oxide (Bi₂ O₃ ) particles: Evidence for selective melanoma therapy.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Melanoma remains a significant health concern requiring novel therapeutic strategies.
• Bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃) is a high-Z element with potential theranostic applications.
• Developing selective cancer therapies is crucial to minimize side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the therapeutic and optical properties of bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃) nanoparticles.
• To evaluate the potential of Bi₂O₃ for selective melanoma therapy and prevention.
• To explore Bi₂O₃ as a theranostic material and for sunscreen applications.

Main Methods:

• Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles were synthesized using a standard precipitation method.
• The cytotoxic effects of Bi₂O₃ on human A375 melanoma cells, HaCaT keratinocytes, and CCD-1090Sk fibroblasts were assessed.
• Particle internalization and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were quantified in different cell lines.

Main Results:

• Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles selectively induced apoptosis in A375 melanoma cells.
• Increased particle uptake and ROS generation were observed in melanoma cells compared to normal cells.
• Bi₂O₃ demonstrated high UV absorption and low photocatalytic activity.

Conclusions:

• Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles exhibit selective therapeutic effects against melanoma cells.
• The theranostic potential of Bi₂O₃ is supported by its properties as a contrast agent and its UV absorption capabilities.
• Bi₂O₃ shows promise for melanoma treatment, prevention, and as a component in sunscreens.