The relationship between dietary patterns and ophthalmic disease.
Lakshman Mulpuri1, Jayanth Sridhar1, Himani Goyal2
1Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.
Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
|March 3, 2023
Summary
Plant-based and Mediterranean diets can help prevent vision loss from common eye conditions like cataracts, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy. These diets emphasize fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, while limiting processed foods.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology and Nutritional Science
- Investigates the intersection of diet and eye health.
- Focuses on dietary interventions for ophthalmic conditions.
Background:
- Growing interest in diet's role in eye disease pathogenesis.
- Diet influences chronic oxidative stress, inflammation, and macular pigmentation.
- Diet impacts incidence and progression of cataract, AMD, and diabetic retinopathy.
Approach:
- Summarizes recent basic science and epidemiological literature.
- Analyzes mechanisms of dietary impact on eye disease.
- Reviews observational studies and systematic reviews on dietary patterns.
Key Points:
- Vegetarian diets linked to a 20% reduction in cataract incidence.
- Mediterranean diets associated with decreased progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
- Plant-based and Mediterranean diets significantly reduce HbA1c and diabetic retinopathy incidence.
Conclusions:
- Mediterranean and plant-based diets offer protective benefits against vision loss.
- These diets are effective for cataract, AMD, and diabetic retinopathy.
- Further controlled studies are needed to confirm benefits for other ophthalmic conditions.
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