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Physical Activity Is Associated With Macular Thickness: A Multi-Cohort Observational Study.

Ella C Berry1, Henry N Marshall1, Sean Mullany1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
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Summary

Regular physical activity is linked to slower macular thinning in glaucoma patients. Exercise may offer neuroprotective benefits for the retina, potentially slowing vision loss.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Primary open-angle glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
  • Macular thinning, specifically of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), is a key indicator of glaucoma progression.
  • Understanding modifiable risk factors like physical activity is crucial for glaucoma management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between physical activity levels and the rate of macular thinning measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).
  • To explore the neuroprotective potential of exercise on retinal structure in adults with glaucoma.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized accelerometer data to quantify physical activity in participants from the PROGRESSA study and the UK Biobank.
  • Measured macular GCIPL thinning rates using SD-OCT in the PROGRESSA cohort (735 eyes).
  • Assessed cross-sectional macular thickness in the UK Biobank cohort (8862 eyes), adjusting for relevant demographic and comorbidity factors.

Main Results:

  • Higher physical activity was significantly associated with slower rates of macular GCIPL thinning in the PROGRESSA study (P=0.003).
  • Participants with higher daily step counts showed significantly slower thinning rates.
  • Physical activity also showed a positive association with cross-sectional macular thickness in the UK Biobank cohort (P<0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest that greater physical activity is associated with reduced macular thinning in individuals with glaucoma.
  • Exercise may exert neuroprotective effects on the retina, potentially slowing glaucoma progression.
  • Promoting physical activity could be a beneficial strategy in the comprehensive management of glaucoma.